• Diabetic Compression Socks

    Diabetic socks are designed to help people with diabetes. The term diabetes mellitus refers to several metabolic conditions that directly impact the bodies ability to use and process glucose, also known as blood sugar. These conditions are chronic and can lead to dangerous, life-threatening levels of glucose within the blood. Glucose is one of the body's prime energy sources. It is necessary for cellular function, for muscles and tissues, and for brain function. However, too much glucose in the blood can lead to a number of detrimental health conditions. The two main types of diabetes are referred to as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The symptoms of these diseases vary depending on how high the levels of glucose are within the blood. Long term consequences of untreated high blood sugar levels, or hyperglycemia, can be life-threatening. Some complications of high blood sugar levels may even include amputations. These are typically caused by infections due to impaired immune and circulatory function.

     

    TYPE 1 DIABETES

    This type of diabetes is typically diagnosed in younger individuals. In this type of diabetes, the body struggles to produce adequate levels of insulin. This type of diabetes is unfortunately irreversible. It is considered an autoimmune disease. Here, the body's immune system attacks pancreatic cells and significantly impairs its ability to function. People with this type of diabetes are insulin dependent for blood glucose regulation and must take insulin everyday of their lives in order to function.

     

    TYPE 2 DIABETES

    Type 2 diabetes can develop at any time throughout a person's life, even in childhood. This is the most common type of diabetes. These people are still capable of producing insulin, but not at optimal levels for the body's health. Genetic factors can contribute to the development of this disease. Lifestyle factors such as lack of exercise and poor eating habits can increase the probability of developing this type of diabetes. There is an extremely strong correlation between obesity and this type of diabetes.

     

    SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES

    Increased Urination

    Excessive Thirst

    Slow Wound Healing

    Numbness and Tingling in Extremities

    Blurred Vision

    Low Immune System

    DIABETIC SOCKS PURPOSE

    While medication and doctor supervision are often highly recommended by doctors for treatment of diabetes, I like to consider other methods as well to help manage and mitigate symptoms. People with diabetes can sometimes suffer from unusually cold hands and feet, numbness and tingling, and/or swelling in the legs and feet. When blood flow is restricted, it can cause many uncomfortable or even dangerous symptoms. High blood glucose levels within the blood can seriously damage veins, nerves, and blood vessels. Circulation is often impaired or restricted in diabetes. This can lead to purple looking feet, swelling, or overall discomfort. People who are suffering from diabetes may find that diabetic compression socks help prevent clotting, which is always a risk when the body's circulatory and nervous systems have become damaged. Diabetic socks work by reducing pressure in the lower leg and in the foot, prevent blistering on the skin, and minimize the accumulation of moisture.

     

    RISKS OF POOR BLOOD CIRCULATION

    poor blood circulation-diabetic socks

    I'll go over a few of the risks of inadequate blood flow to illustrate just how helpful these socks can really be for someone who is struggling with diabetes and with the management of its symptoms. Diabetes is one of the major causes of poor blood flow within the body. Insufficient circulation is actually quite serious, and its signs should not be overlooked. Poor circulation can damage an individuals organs and limbs. Luckily, hope is not lost and there are many things diabetes sufferers can do on their own to help improve circulation, like wearing those compression socks that I discussed previously.

    WHY DIABETIC COMPRESSION SOCKS ARE USEFUL

    These socks have an immense amount of benefits for those who need a little more circulatory support. These socks can be used by men, women, and children alike. Some have inquired about the difference between socks for diabetes and actual compression socks. Socks designed for people with diabetes mesh with the exact shape of the foot. Being seamless and without elastic, these socks do not bunch or bind. Thus, this limits the amount of discomfort experienced by wearers. These socks also reduce friction injuries and abrasion on the skin. Some people with diabetes have decided to wear compression socks. However, compression socks typically utilize very strong elastic components to form their structure. This pressure encourages blood to safely and sufficiently flow back to the heart. I have seen them significantly reduce leg swelling. These socks also reduce the risk of clotting and other conditions such as deep vein thrombosis. Many people choose to wear these on long flights and drives or if their lifestyle lends itself to be more sedentary. Even so, not all people with diabetes need to wear these socks. Those who have symptoms of circulatory impairment or distress are the one's who may most benefit from wearing these types of socks. These socks can truly help prevent damages from occurring. For some people, these socks are a major part of keeping their health in balance.

     

    MORE ON HOW SPECIALLY DESIGNED SOCKS HELP DIABETICS

    Unfortunately, those with diabetes often find themselves at a higher risk for developing major circulatory issues. When worn consistently, I believe that these special socks can really get rid of any major nerve sensitivities. Other conditions, such as foot ulcers and scrapes often go unrecognized in diabetes because they fly under the radar. Traditional socks are best avoided when one has diabetes because they do not provide proper support and care. The seams in these socks can lead to rubbing and abrasions. They can also cause unnecessary pressure. These socks also hold onto moisture in ways that can cause major problems. Excess moisture can contribute to fungal infections. Circulation can easily become restricted in these types of socks because they get tighter and tighter as they are worn throughout the day.

     

    GENERAL FOOT CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES

    Podiatrists recommend that diabetes sufferers stay on top of their foot care to prevent serious conditions from occurring. Daily checkups can ensure that a cut or even some swelling does not go unchecked. Every little detail matters here!

    Stay on top of injuries so that seemingly minor problems do not turn into major issues that could become exacerbated over time.

    Maintain a healthy diet/exercise regime and do not smoke! Smoking has been shown to impair blood flow and circulation by decreasing the amount of oxygen circulating throughout the body.

    HOW TO PICK THE RIGHT SOCKS FOR YOU

    The sock you buy depends on wearer preference, comfortability, and affordability. Bamboo is my preferred material because of its special antifungal and antibacterial properties. These socks should still be well taken care of and washed pretty immediately after wearing in order to hinder the growth of any bacteria. Additionally, taller socks are often recommended because their increased height allows for increased circulation. These socks should be washed in warm water and treated delicately. Each sock can last around six months to a year and should be thrown away immediately if they become damaged. However, they may last longer if they are treated with care.

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  • Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

    Diabetes often leads to damage of the blood vessels, especially if the blood sugar levels are not well controlled. Swelling, leaking or blockage of the blood vessels in the eye causes a serious condition, proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

     

    CAUSES OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

    The retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. In your eye, the light rays that pass through the pupil, are focused in the lens, and penetrate to the retina, where they are transformed into signals that are transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain and interpreted as images. Therefore, it is as essential for your vision, as a processor for a computer. Your retina has multiple delicate blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to sustain its function.

    Elevated blood sugar leads to thinning of the blood vessel walls and clumping of the red blood cells. These two processes lead to blood leakage and vessel obstruction. Retina becomes swollen when the blood leaks from the vessels damaged by diabetes. When the blood vessels get blocked, retinal cells become deprived of oxygen and nourishment in the area of the blood vessel obstruction. A small specialized area in the center of the retina, called macula, is especially sensitive to the consequences of the blood vessel damage. Macula is essential for clearly seeing the details of the objects located in front of you. If macula becomes swollen (a condition called macular edema), it causes blurry vision, and an impairment of the ability to recognize faces or read.

     

    THE FOUR STAGES OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

    proliferative diabetic retinopathy

    The National Eye Institute (NEI) defines four distinct stages, through which the diabetic retinopathy may progress. These are mild, moderate, and severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative retinopathy. The first three diabetic retinopathy stages differ by the number of the swollen, distorted, and blocked blood vessels in the retina. Macular edema may develop even at the second stage of the disease progression. During the third stage, oxygen and nutrient deprivation of the retina caused by the vessel blockage triggers secretion of a special molecule that stimulates the new blood vessel growth. This molecule is called vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF in short. VEGF secretion promotes diabetic retinopathy to its most advanced, proliferative stage. It is characterized by the growth of the new blood vessels in the retina, a process called neovascularization.

    Proliferative retinopathy is especially harmful for vision. The newly formed blood vessels are extra fragile, and the blood leaking from them is spilled from the retina to vitreous gel, a jelly-like transparent substance inside the eye, through which the light passes on its way from the lens to the retina. The blood accumulation in vitreous gel blocks vision partially, causing appearance of black "floaters" in your field of vision, or completely, causing blindness. Neovascularization of the retina can scar this delicate tissue, causing retinal detachment from the back of the eye. Detached retina cannot convert the light rays to nerve signals, leading to partial or complete blindness.

     

    SYMPTOMS OF RETINOPATHY

    In summary, the diabetic retinopathy may cause macular edema even at the initial stages of development. In its advanced, proliferative stage, it causes the blood accumulation in the vitreous (vitreous hemorrhage), and retinal scarring and detachment. The retinopathy usually develops simultaneously in both eyes, causing the following symptoms:

    • Blurry vision, or changes from clear to blurry vision and back

    • Floaters and dark or black spots appearing in the field of vision

    • Poor night vision

    • Changes in color perception, with colors appearing faded or washed off

     

    DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

    Diabetic retinopathy is detected during a comprehensive eye exam. It may include the following tests, exams and procedures:

    • Visual activity test. The eye chart reading measures your ability to see at various distances.

    • Tonometry. A test that measures pressure inside the eye.

    • Funduscopy. Its a fancy name of an eye exam performed using a magnifying glass. The drops placed on the eye surface widen (dilate) the pupil, so the physician can visually examine the "eyegrounds", including the retina, retinal blood vessels, and the optic nerve. Fundoscopy detects changes in blood vessels (aneurisms), leaky blood vessels and fatty deposits, macular edema, and changes in the lens and abnormalities in the optic nerve.

    • Optical coherence tomography (OCT). This test resembles an ultrasound exam but uses light instead of sound waves. OCT provides detailed images of eye tissues and complements the visual inspection of the retina.

    • Fluorescein angiogram. In this procedure a fluorescent dye is injected into an arm vein. When the dye reaches the eye, multiple detailed pictures of the retinal blood vessels can be taken, revealing blood leaks and blood vessel changes that otherwise escaped detection.

    The last two procedures are used if macular edema or progressive diabetic retinopathy are suspected.

    DIABETIC RETINOPATHY TREATMENT

    Many treatment methods for the diabetic retinopathy are focused on repairing or removing the damaged blood vessels and restoring the blood flow in the retina. For the best effect, two or more therapies may be combined

    ANTI-VEGF INJECTION THERAPY

    . VEGF, a vascular endothelial growth factor, is a key molecule that induces neovascularization, promoting advancement of diabetic retinopathy to its fourth stage, the proliferative retinopathy. Drugs that counteract VEGF action are injected in the vitreous gel of the eye every month for half a year. After that the frequency of the injections is gradually decreased, and the treatment is completed within five years. Anti-VEGF drugs include Avastin (bevacizumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), and Eylea (aflibercept). Avastin is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an anti-cancer medication, but it is also used to treat eye conditions, including macular edema. Lucentis and Eylea are approved for treating macular edema and diabetic retinopathy. Anti-VEGF therapy is showing a great promise for treatment of macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

     

    PANRETINAL LASER SURGERY

    proliferative diabetic retinopathy

    . This treatment is also called scatter laser surgery, or photocoagulation. It involves making several thousand microscopic laser burns to shrink the abnormal blood vessels. The burns are aimed in the areas away from macula to preserve the central vision. The side effects of panretinal laser surgery include some loss of peripheral vision, and defects in night and color vision, caused by laser-induce damage of parts of the retina.

    Vitrectomy. If proliferative retinopathy results in accumulation of blood in the center of the eye, which blocks vision, the vitreous gel is surgically removed. This procedure includes removing the vitreous gel by suction and replacing it with sterile saline solution to preserve the pressure in the eye and maintain the eye shape. Vitrectomy can be done under local or general anesthesia; it often requires a hospital stay, and recovery takes several weeks. When both eyes require the surgery, the second vitrectomy is performed after the first eye is completely recovered.

    If proliferative diabetic retinopathy is combined with macular edema, specific treatments for the latter can be combined with the panretinal laser surgery and anti-VEGF therapy.

    Injection or implantation of corticosteroids. Corticosteroids have anti-angiogenic, anti-permeability, and anti-fibrotic properties. It means that they prevent the new blood vessel growth, decrease leakage of fluid into the retina, and prevent retinal scarring. Injections of steroids, commonly triamcinolone, into the vitreous gel are performed in the same way as in the anti-VEGF therapy. Implants are also placed in the vitreous and deliver sustained amount of medication for a defined time. Some implants are designed for a short-term treatment, like Ozurdex (dexamethasone). Iluvien (fluocinolone acetonide) is used for longer treatment. The flexibility of choice of the steroid treatment regimen is essential, steroids are known to increase the pressure in the eye, promoting glaucoma development. Glaucoma is more common in diabetics than in general population, therefore consider discussing the risks and benefits of the steroid treatment with your physician.

    Focal/Grid macular laser surgery. Opposite to the panretinal surgery, this treatment specifically targets the macula. 10-100 laser burns are inflicted to remove and seal the damage blood vessels to prevent blood leakage and minimize macular swelling. This treatment can be combined with anti-VEGF therapy or used as a second line of defense if the anti-VEGF therapy turned out ineffective.

     

    • OTHER DIABETES-RELATED OPHTHALMIC COMPLICATIONS

    Although diabetic retinopathy is the most common and the most serious eye disease related to diabetes, other complications, such as glaucoma and cataracts, are known to affect vision in diabetic patients.

    Glaucoma is a condition when the optic nerve is damaged and fails to transmit signals from the retina to the brain. In most cases, glaucoma is caused by the increased pressure in the eye. In diabetes, the growth of the new blood vessels in the iris can block the fluid flow in the eye. The pressure inside the eye increases, and a condition called a neovascular glaucoma may develop. It is also known that people with diabetes develop a more common type of glaucoma, an open-angle glaucoma, twice as frequently as non-diabetics. However, the opposite is also true: glaucoma patients have an increased chance of developing diabetes. Therefore, it is not clear if a high blood sugar causes the open-angle glaucoma, or the two diseases share some common risk factors.

    Cataracts is a common cause of blindness caused by clouding of the lens. The incidence of cataracts in diabetics is twice as high as in non-diabetics. It might be caused by a chronic lens swelling caused by the constantly elevated blood sugar. Also, sudden sharp changes of the blood sugar concentration may cause distortion of the lens shape.

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  • Herbs To Lower Blood Sugar

    Type-2 diabetes is an illness that has been affecting more and more people in the United States in the past few years; according to some reports, over 20 million Americans now suffer from the condition, with this showing no signs of slowing down. This has naturally meant that an increasing number of people have had to undergo treatment for the disease, which is something that they'll need to do for the rest of their lives. However, many people may be wary of taking certain medications, as a variety of them have been known to have several side effects, some of which may make us want to avoid them. An alternative is to take herbs to lower blood sugar.

    This has led to many people with diabetes looking for different treatments for the condition. While some of these may not be effective, taking herbs and supplements have been shown to have quite a substantial impact on blood sugar levels. Despite them becoming more popular in recent years, many people may not know which herbs to take to lower their blood sugar levels. This is primarily because there are a considerable number of herbs to lower blood sugar on the market, which can be an overwhelming choice for many people.

    That doesn't need to be too large of an issue, though, as there have been a few of them that are more effective than others when it comes to treating and managing the symptoms of diabetes. This doesn't mean that you can't take the herbs if you don't suffer from the condition, however, as it's been recommended that you take them if you're at risk of developing the disease. Because of that, almost anybody can benefit from taking them.

    It should be noted that, if you already have diabetes or any other diseases, then you may need to discuss whether or not you can take certain herbs, as well as in what dosage. This is primarily because some herbs can affect different conditions, as well as their related medications. Outside of this, consuming the herbs in the form of a supplement, or various foods and meals, can offer a variety of benefits. While lower blood sugar levels will be a large part of this, there can be a few other advantages, depending on which supplement you're taking.

    WHICH HERBS TO TAKE TO LOWER BLOOD SUGAR

    CINNAMON

    Cinnamon is perhaps the most obvious herb to take to help reduce your blood sugar levels and can be taken in either a powder form or as an extract. There have been several studies done on how effective it has been on the illness, regardless of whether it's fully-developed or if your prediabetic, meaning that you have a blood sugar of 100-125 mg/dl. For people who are prediabetes, a dosage of 250 milligrams of the herb saw an 8.4% decrease in their blood sugar levels by taking it twice per day; once before breakfast and once before dinner.

    The majority of these studies have been conducted over a three month period, so you may be able to see larger results if you consume cinnamon for a longer period. For people with diabetes, this impact is even more pronounced, with the majority of studies reporting a blood sugar reduction of between 11% and 14%. This is driven by the fact that cinnamon can promote your cell response to insulin, which is one of the primary areas that your body deals with sugar in your body.

     

    GINSENG

    Ginseng has been shown to have a considerable impact on post-meal blood sugar levels, with studies showing that it can reduce these levels by up to 20%. This has been seen for both people with diabetes and those who don't suffer from the condition, so everybody will be able to benefit from it. For this to be effective, experts have noted that you should consume the ginseng up to an hour before each meal and no longer than that; this is because taking it too long beforehand may cause your blood sugar to dip too low.

    It's also been noted that you should consume a minimum of one gram each time and no more than three, as anything outside of this range may not provide many benefits. The positive effects of ginseng have only been seen with the North American species of the herb, with others not showing many of the same results.

     

    FENUGREEK

    Fenugreek has been a popular medicine in the Middle East for generations, although it's only been with recent studies that medical professionals have determined the benefits that may be offered by the herb. One of the most notable of these has been seen it how it affects blood sugar and insulin levels. This has been shown to be the case in both animal and human trials, with the herb having quite a considerable effect on blood sugar control.

    This means that your body will be able to better manage these levels, which can be beneficial for people who are most at risk of developing diabetes. Despite how popular it has been in various countries, there's still been relatively few studies done on fenugreek, although the ones that have been performed have shown promising results across various areas.

     

    TUMERIC/CURCUMIN

    Tumeric is a spice that has been common across the world for centuries, primarily for the flavor it offers. In recent decades, however, it's become increasingly popular for the health benefits that it offers, with much of this being driven by curcumin, which is one of its active ingredients. This has been seen for both type-2 diabetes patients, as well as those who are prediabetic. In some studies, it's been shown that people who are prediabetic can prevent the development of the disease, which is one of the primary areas where it can be beneficial. It's also been shown to help reduce blood sugar levels to a significant degree, although different studies have shown varying results.

     

    ALOE VERA

    aloe, aloe vera plant

    When many people think of aloe vera, they may first think about washing up liquids or other products, as it's been used in quite a significant number of areas. However, it's been proven to have somewhat of a role in stimulating insulin production, which is vital for your blood sugar levels. While there have been relatively few studies on aloe vera compared to many other herbs, there have been a few benefits associated with it.

    These advantages have been seen in nine studies, varying in their time frame from four to 14 weeks. Despite being relatively short, they've shown that they can reduce blood sugar levels by 46.6 mg/dl. This was further enhanced in patients who had blood sugar levels of over 200 mg/dl. While further studies have yet to be done, it looks as though the herb can be increasingly effective the higher your blood sugar is.

     

    There have been a few other herbs that have been shown to have an impact on blood sugar levels, although more studies need to be performed on them to determine how effective they are. These include the likes of:

    Holy Basil;

    Bitter Melon, which helps ease many of diabetes' symptoms;

    Milk Thistle, which is also known by the name silybinin, it's active ingredient, and;

    Psyllium, which needs to be taken in a large dosage, and may have a laxative effect.

     

    Risks 

    While using herbs to lower blood sugar can have a variety of benefits, it should be noted that there can be a few risks and side effects of doing so, as we mentioned above. Similar to many medications, much of this is driven by how much of them you take, as well as how often you're taking them. This is the primary reason why the majority of experts have noted that you should speak with a medical professional about how high, or low, of a dose of the herbs that you should take.

    Depending on the herb that you're taking, there can be a few side effects that you may experience. Garlic, which has often been useful in lowering cholesterol, for example, has been known to have an impact on how thin your blood is, which results in more bleeding for any kind of cuts. While this mightn't be a large issue for many people, it is something that you should be aware of. Ginseng has the same effect, especially in higher doses.

    Cinnamon can have quite a substantial effect on your liver and begin impacting how it functions, especially if you're taking it in large doses. It also depresses your anti-immune system and reverses many of the effects of immunosuppressant drugs. This means that you may be more likely to experience certain illnesses, ranging from the likes of the flu upwards. Because of that, you may need to avoid cinnamon if you're affected by any autoimmune diseases.

    Similar to cinnamon, many herbs can interfere with different medications, which is something that all of us will want to avoid, with aloe vera being one of the more prominent of these. While this can be heavily dependent on the pharmaceuticals that you're taking, you should research which herbs interact with any medications that you're taking, and what kind of effects that these will have. Much of this can be done in conjunction with a medical professional or dietician, who will have a considerable amount of expertise in the area.

    keeping all of the above in mind, you'll be able to ensure that you're taking the right herbs to lower blood sugar. As we mentioned, however, research is often the first port of call for taking them. This doesn't stop once you've determined which herbs you should be taking, as you'll then need to look at where you're purchasing any herbs or supplements. This is primarily because different products will have various doses, which is naturally something that you'll need to keep an eye on.

    Furthermore, you'll need to read through the instructions that come with each of these supplements, as some might need to be taken once a day, while others may need to be taken several times. By doing so, you can rest assured that you're keeping your blood sugar levels in check without having to worry about what you're eating and drinking.

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  • Diabetes And Sweating

    Diabetes mellitus encompasses a spectrum of disease that affects the way in which your body uses glucose (sugar). Glucose is essential to good health; it's a vital source of energy for the body's cells. The brain also uses glucose as the main source of energy. A person's well-being depends on some degree on the efficient use of glucose within the body. Diabetes can cause a wide range of symptoms, including excess sweating, weight loss, and slow healing wounds.

    The reasons why someone develops diabetes varies, depending on the type. However, all types of diabetes will result in excessive amounts of glucose in the blood. Excess blood sugar can lead to very serious health issues. Diabetes and sweating is one relatively minor symptom, while permanent blindness is one of the most serious effects of uncontrolled diabetes.

    Chronic diabetes manifests as type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. There are also two potentially reversible forms of diabetes. The first is prediabetes; this is when the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. The second type of potentially reversible diabetes is gestational diabetes; this happens during pregnancy but clears up after the birth of the baby.

     

    DIABETES SYMPTOMS

    The seriousness of the symptoms can depend on how high or low blood sugar levels are. Some who have diabetes may not detect any symptoms at first, especially if they have prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. However, those with type 1 diabetes tend to have more severe symptoms that manifest more quickly.

    SOME TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES SYMPTOMS ARE:

    Excessive sweating

    Frequent urination and thirst

    Extreme hunger and fatigue

    Unexplained weight loss

    Ketones in the urine

    Irritability

    Blurred vision

    Slow-healing wounds

     

    Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it most often is diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes can also develop at any age, but it's more commonly diagnosed in those over 40 years of age.

    DIABETES AND SWEATING

    Low blood sugar levels is a part of the diabetic cycle; it's called hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia will trigger the body into a fight-or-flight response. This, in turn, causes the body to produce more adrenaline and norepinephrine which can cause heavy sweating, as well as diabetes symptoms of anxiety and shakiness.

     

    EXTREME HUNGER AND FATIGUE

    The body converts food into glucose so that the body can use that sugar for energy. However, the body's cells require insulin to utilize glucose. If the body doesn't make enough insulin, or if the cells are insulin resistant, the glucose can't fuel the cells, resulting in hunger and fatigue.

    FREQUENT URINATION AND EXCESSIVE THIRST

    The average person urinates from four to seven times a day. However, those with diabetes may need to urinate a lot more. Normally, the body will reabsorb glucose when it passes through the kidneys. But as diabetes increases the blood sugar, the kidneys may not be able to reabsorb all of it. This triggers the body to produce more urine. More urine requires more fluids, thus, the diabetic becomes thirsty.

    UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS

    Insufficient insulin will stop the body from absorbing blood glucose into the body's cells for energy. When this happens, the body will burn muscle and fat for energy. This results in weight loss. Unusual weight loss often occurs prior to a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. However, unexpected weight loss can also affect those with type 2 diabetes.

     

    KETONES IN THE URINE

    If the body's cells receive inadequate amounts of glucose, the body will begin to burn fat for energy. This will produce ketones, which will show up in the urine. High levels of ketones in the urine can indicate diabetic ketoacidosis. This diabetic symptom can lead to a coma or in extreme cases, death.

     

    IRRITABILITY

    Low glucose levels may cause a range of emotional symptoms including irritability, moodiness, and belligerence. If a diabetic experiences irritability it's advisable to check their blood sugar levels.

     

    BLURRED VISION

    High blood sugar levels can affect your vision; it causes the lens of the eye to swell, which results in temporary blurry eyesight. However, blurry vision can also be the result of low blood sugar. In the case of low blood sugar, vision should return to normal once the blood glucose is back to a normal range. However, if diabetes is not controlled, it can cause irreversible damage to the eyes, resulting in permanent blindness.

     

    SLOW-HEALING WOUNDS

    When blood sugar levels are higher than normal, it will prevent oxygen and nutrients from feeding the cells. This will, in turn, stop the immune system from functioning properly. Abnormal blood sugar levels can also increase inflammation, which will affect healing. In extreme cases of uncontrolled diabetic infections, amputations of the feet are not uncommon.

    FREQUENT INFECTIONS

    High blood sugar can make a diabetic prone to infections. One reason is that yeast feeds on sugar; as a result of the combination of high blood sugar, and lowered immunity, yeast infections can easily get out of control in someone with diabetes.

    DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

    Neuropathy is a type of nerve damage. High blood sugar can cause damage to the nerves throughout the body. However, diabetic neuropathy most often targets the nerves in the lower legs and feet. Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy can vary from numbness or pain and in the legs and feet to trouble with the urinary tract, the digestive system, the blood vessels, and even the heart. Some diabetics have mild neuropathy symptoms, but other diabetics can experience debilitating pain.

    FOUR TIPS FOR MANAGING DIABETES

    Effectively controlling diabetes takes daily effort, but the benefits are well worth it. The payoff will be a longer and healthier life.

    CHECK YOUR BLOOD SUGAR

    Follow your doctor's schedule for checking your blood sugar, and add extra checks periodically. If you feel irritable or begin sweating, do a blood sugar check. Diabetes and sweating is a sign of low blood sugar.

    KEEP TRACK OF YOUR CARBS

    Carbohydrates convert quickly into sugar once digested. Limit your intake of high carb foods like bread, pasta, potatoes, and chips.

    GET REGULAR EXERCISE

    Exercise will burn off excess glucose in the blood. Try to get at least 2-3 hours of exercise per week, in daily increments.

    KNOW ALL OF YOUR NUMBERS

    Blood sugar levels are not the only numbers you need to know. You also need to watch your cholesterol and blood pressure readings.

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  • Diabetes mellitus

    Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it does make. 

    Diabetes mellitus

    Untreated high blood sugar from  diabetes  can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

    There are a few different types of diabetes:

    Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. It's unclear what causes this attack. About 10 percent of people with diabetes have this type.

    Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar builds up in your blood.

    Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than normal, but it's not high enough for a diagnosis of  type 2 diabetes .

    Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. Insulin-blocking hormones produced by the placenta cause this type of diabetes.

    A rare condition called diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, although it has a similar name. It's a different condition in which your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body.

    Each type of diabetes has unique symptoms, causes, and treatments. Learn more about how these types differ from one another.

    Symptoms of diabetes

    Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar.

    General symptoms

    The general symptoms of diabetes include:

    increased hunger

    increased thirst

    weight loss

    frequent urination

    blurry vision

    extreme fatigue

    sores that don't heal

    Symptoms in men

    In addition to the general symptoms of diabetes, men with diabetes may have a decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction (ED), and poor muscle strength.

     

    Symptoms in women

    Women with diabetes can also have symptoms such as urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and dry, itchy skin.

     

    Type 1 diabetes

    Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can include:

     

    extreme hunger

    increased thirst

    unintentional weight loss

    frequent urination

    blurry vision

    tiredness

    It may also result in mood changes.

     

    Type 2 diabetes

    Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can include:

     

    increased hunger

    increased thirst

    increased urination

    blurry vision

    tiredness

    sores that are slow to heal

    It can also cause recurring infections. This is because elevated glucose levels make it harder for the body to heal.

     

    Gestational diabetes

    Most women with gestational diabetes don't have any symptoms. The condition is often detected during a routine blood sugar test or oral glucose tolerance test that is usually performed between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation.

    In rare cases, a woman with gestational diabetes will also experience increased thirst or urination.

     

    The bottom line

    Diabetes symptoms can be so mild that they're hard to spot at first. Learn which signs should prompt a trip to the doctor.

     

    Causes of diabetes

    Different causes are associated with each type of diabetes.

     

    Type 1 diabetes

    Doctors don't know exactly what causes type 1 diabetes. For some reason, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

     

    Genes may play a role in some people. It's also possible that a virus sets off the immune system attack.

     

    Type 2 diabetes

    Type 2 diabetes stems from a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors. Being overweight or obese increases your risk too. Carrying extra weight, especially in your belly, makes your cells more resistant to the effects of insulin on your blood sugar.

     

    This condition runs in families. Family members share genes that make them more likely to get type 2 diabetes and to be overweight.

     

    Gestational diabetes

    Gestational diabetes is the result of hormonal changes during pregnancy. The placenta produces hormones that make a pregnant woman's cells less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This can cause high blood sugar during pregnancy.

     

    Women who are overweight when they get pregnant or who gain too much weight during their pregnancy are more likely to get gestational diabetes.

     

    The bottom line

    Both genes and environmental factors play a role in triggering diabetes. Get more information here on the causes of diabetes.

     

    Diabetes risk factors

    Certain factors increase your risk for diabetes.

     

    Type 1 diabetes

    You're more likely to get type 1 diabetes if you're a child or teenager, you have a parent or sibling with the condition, or you carry certain genes that are linked to the disease.

     

    Type 2 diabetes

    Your risk for type 2 diabetes increases if you:

     

    are overweight

    are age 45 or older

    have a parent or sibling with the condition

    aren't physically active

    have had gestational diabetes

    have prediabetes

    have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or high triglycerides

    have African American, Hispanic or Latino American, Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, American Indian, or Asian American ancestry

    Gestational diabetes

    Your risk for gestational diabetes increases if you:

     

    are overweight

    are over age 25

    had gestational diabetes during a past pregnancy

    have given birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds

    have a family history of type 2 diabetes

    have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

    The bottom line

    Your family, environment, and preexisting medical conditions can all affect your odds of developing diabetes. Find out which risks you can control and which ones you can't.

     

    Diabetes complications

    High blood sugar damages organs and tissues throughout your body. The higher your blood sugar is and the longer you live with it, the greater your risk for complications.

     

    Complications associated with diabetes include:

     

    heart disease, heart attack, and stroke

    neuropathy

    nephropathy

    retinopathy and vision loss

    hearing loss

    foot damage such as infections and sores that don't heal

    skin conditions such as bacterial and fungal infections

    depression

    dementia

    Gestational diabetes

    Uncontrolled gestational diabetes can lead to problems that affect both the mother and baby. Complications affecting the baby can include:

     

    premature birth

    higher-than-normal weight at birth

    increased risk for type 2 diabetes later in life

    low blood sugar

    jaundice

    stillbirth

    The mother can develop complications such as high blood pressure (preeclampsia) or type 2 diabetes. She may also require cesarean delivery, commonly referred to as a C-section.

     

    The mother's risk of gestational diabetes in future pregnancies also increases.

     

    The bottom line

    Diabetes can lead to serious medical complications, but you can manage the condition with medications and lifestyle changes. Avoid the most common diabetes complications with these helpful tips.

     

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